明代太常乐官考

On the Music Officail Taichang of Ming Dynasty

太常是我国古代负责宗庙祭祀等礼乐活动的重要部门,其前身是周礼的春官宗伯,其官制设置、架构内容因各朝代礼乐需求不同而有所增减,但其掌管邦国宗庙祭祀礼乐的职能从未改变,直到清末封建社会结束。太常的乐官专门负责王朝雅乐,其发展经历了从专掌祭祀雅乐到兼领俗乐再到只掌雅乐这样一个发展过程。到了明代,太常乐官的职能非常集中,并且不同于前朝,废除了太乐、鼓吹等乐署,新建神乐观,以道士承应祭祀典礼。

Taichang was an important department responsible for ancestral worship and other ritual activities in ancient China.Its predecessor is the Zongbo,its bureaucratic setting,content structure changed due to the different needs of ritual increase or decrease in various dynasties,but the function to charge natioanl ancestral worship ritual had never changed until the end of Qing Dynasty feudal society.The Taichang music official wasresponsible for the Ya music,its development has gone through a specialprocess from the court music festival folk music to folk music and then only ya music.In Ming Dynasty,the official functions of Taichang music was very concentrated,and unlike the former,abolished tai yue and guchui muisc wih the new optimism of to be Taoist ritual ceremony.