跨界鱼类养护与管理多边合作困局及中国之对策

On Multilateral Cooperation Difficulties of Cross-border Fish Nurturing and Management in China and its Countermeasures

公地悲剧是导致跨界鱼类资源迅速衰退的根本原因。考虑到跨界鱼类和高度洄游鱼类的特性,多边合作养护与管理成为国际社会一贯倡导的政策。协调意志、协同行动,分工合作、共担责任,当为海洋资源可持续利用理念的核心范畴。《联合国海洋法公约》虽然明文提及跨界鱼类并要求缔约国合作养护,但怎样合作、权利义务如何分配,《公约》对此未作规定。此后,《21世纪议程》唤起人们对跨界鱼类衰退的关注,又经FAO守则的推动和《跨界鱼类协定》的敦促,多边主义有了较大的发展。中国南海跨界鱼类管理需要走多边主义路径,建议开辟"养护信托区",破除多边主义困局。

Public land tragedy is the fundamental reason of rapid recession of cross-border fish resource. Considering the characteristics of cross-border fish, multi lateral cooperation nurturing and management has been the policy that international community advocates. Coordinated will and action, cooperation and mutual responsibility are the core category of sustainable exploitation of o cean resource. United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea has not make regulations of cooperation and contribution of rights and duty. Agenda 21 arouses the public attention of cross-border fish recession, and there is a development of multilateralism. It is necessary for South Sea cross-border fish management in China to follow the path of multilateralism. I suggest that we should open a ＂ nurturing trust area＂, and overcome the difficulty of multilateralism