论康德“至善”的幸福观

On the Concept of Happiness of Kant

幸福与德性的关系问题一直是伦理学家们讨论的热点话题。古希腊时期,在此问题上,出现了斯多葛学派与昔勒尼学派之间的争论,之后以经验论为哲学基础的感性幸福论与以先验论为逻辑前提的道义论纷争不断。康德在前人研究的基础上,认为只有与德性相匹配的幸福才是有价值的,有德性的人才配享受幸福,德性是幸福的条件。他倡导的"至善"幸福观仍然是当今和谐幸福社会构建的重要理论参照。

It remains a hot topic of the relationship between happiness and virtue among ethicists. In ancient Greece, there was a big difference in understanding happiness and virtue, which was regarded as an argument between Stoicism and Cyrenaics. Later, there still is a difference between sensibility of happiness based on empiricism and deontology based on apriorism. On the basis of the former research, Kant thinks that people with virtue are happy and virtue is the presupposition of happiness by taking the value of matching happiness with virtue into consideration. The concept of supreme happiness is an important theoretical reference for establishing a happy and harmonious society in today.