保险受益人若干问题的法律思考——兼论我国《保险法》相关规定的完善

Problems Related to Insurance Beneficiaries from the Legal Perspective——Also on the Perfection of the Regulations in the Law of Insurance

被保险人是保险金请求权的原始权利主体,受益人的保险金请求权是被保险人的保险金请求权发生移转的结果,受益人是保险金请求权的派生权利主体。受益人的适用范围不仅限于死亡人身保险,非死亡人身保险和财产保险中同样可设置受益人。保险事故发生前受益人的保险金请求权性质为效力不完整的债权,只具有请求维持效力而不具有请求给付效力。根据被保险人的保险金请求权发生移转的原因不同,受益人的产生方式应分为意定方式和法定方式,意定方式包括单方指定方式和合同指定方式。被保险人死亡时未指定受益人的,被保险人的继承人可依继承法的直接规定成为法定受益人;责任保险中依法享有保险金直接请求权的受害人实为保险合同的法定受益人。

The insurant is the subject of right of claim for insurance benefits which is the result of the concerning transferring. The beneficiary is the subject of the derived right of claim for the insurance benefits. The beneficiary＇s insurance not only confined to the event of death,but also can be applied to the property insurance. The right of claim for insurance benefits before the accident is incomplete creditor＇s right. To be more specific, they can only ask for maintenance, not for actualization. Due to the different reasons of transferring, the production of beneficiary has two ways, namely determined by agent and by law. In a breakdown,it can either be determined in a specific way or can be decided by the contract.