陀思妥耶夫斯基与卡尔·马克思

Dostoevsky and Karl Marx

马克思与陀思妥耶夫斯基虽然生活在不同的社会环境之中,但是在面临的任务、追求的目标等方面有许多共同之处。二者最大的不同在于他们为自己社会理想的实现设计了不同的途径:马克思诉诸科学理性和阶级斗争,陀思妥耶夫斯基寄希望于东正教的道德说教。一百多年来的社会历史贯穿着马克思与陀思妥耶夫斯基社会思想的对立与斗争。今天我们看到,资本主义真正走到了自己的历史尽头,共产主义成为历史的必然,但是由于对物质财富的追求飞跃到物质生产的彼岸——人的自由王国,需要人类在灵魂深处完成一场革命,以改变自己的价值目标。正是在这里,显示出了陀思妥耶夫斯基思想的积极意义。

Although Marx and Dostoevsky lived in different social surroundings,but in the face of mission,for the pursuit of goal,both had a lot in common.The most striking difference lies in the approaches they designed for realizing social ideal: Marx resorted to scientific rationality and class struggle,while Dostoevsky anchored his hope on moralization of Orthodox.The contradiction and struggle of Marx and Dostoevsky's social thoughts sustained throughout recent 100 years'social history.Today we see,capitalism has really came to the end of history,instead communism becomes the inevitable trend of history,but the process from pursuit of material wealth to the other side of material production-the realm of freedom requires that human complete a revolution,deep within soul,to change their value goal.It is here that shows the positive meaning of Dostoevsky's thought.