中国部分城市三甲医院护士压力源调查

Investigation of stressors of nurses in third-grade class.A hospitals in some cities of China

目的了解中国城市三级甲等医院护士的压力源状况，以采取有效的减压措施。方法应用中国护士压力源量表对国内4座城市8所三甲医院的1413名护士进行调查。结果在35个条目中，得分最高的前5个条目全部属于“护理专业及工作方面的问题”维度，其中“工资及其他的福利待遇低”得分最高，为（3．46±0．63）分；压力源5个维度评分，未婚护士分别为（3．01±0．52），（2．93±0．65），，（2．50±0．84），（2．73±0．52），（2．37±0．69）分，已婚护士为（3．15±0．55），（3．15±0．67），（2．71±0．94），（2．81±0．51），（2．46±0．69）分，差异均有统计学意义（t分别为4．815，6．155，4．391，2．788，2．343；P〈0．05）。不同文化程度的护士在“工作量及时间分配的问题”和“病人护理方面的问题”2、个维度上的差异有统计学意义（，分别为8．083，6．551；P〈0．05），本科以上学历的护士得分最高。不同职称护士在压力源4个维度方面得分差异有统计学意义（F分别为12．253，20．315，17．229，6．812；P〈0．05）。结论护士的压力来自护理专业本身、工作环境、人际关系、医院管理等方面。不同护士间的压力源存在着差异，建议采取合理有效的措施减轻护士的压力，提高其身心健康水平。

Objective To investigate the condition of stressors of nurses in third-grade class-A hospitals. Methods A total of 1 413 nurses from eight domestic third-grade elass-A hospitals were investigated by the Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale （CNSS）. Results Among the 35 factors, all the 5 most highly scored factors belonged to the ＂nursing specialty and work problems＂ dimension, among which ＂low income and benefits＂ scored the highest （ 3.46 ±0.63 ）. Of the 5 dimensions of stressors, unmarried nurses scored （ 3.01 ± 0.52 ）, （ 2.93± 0.65）, （2.50 ± 0. 84）, （2.73±0. 52）, （2. 37 ± 0. 69）, respectively, while married nurses scored （3.15 ±0.55）, （3.15±0. 67）, （2.71 ± 0. 94）, （2.81 ± 0.51 ）, （2.46± 0. 69 ）, respectively. The differences were statistically significant （t =4. 815, 6. 155, 4. 391, 2. 788, 2. 343 ;P 〈 0. 05 ）. Significant differences were found among different education levels on ＂workload and time allocation＂ and ＂nursing care of the patients＂ （F = 8. 083,6. 551 ;P 〈0. 05） and those with bachelor＇s degree or above scored the highest. There was significant difference of the four dimensions of stressors among nurses of different professional rifles （F = 12. 253,20. 315, 17. 229,6. 812;P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions The stressors of nurses came from the nursing profession, working environment, interpersonal relationships, hospital management, etc. Stressor differs among nurses. Reasonable and effective measures should be adopted to reduce nurses＇ stress and improve their physical and mental health.