军队三甲医院护士应对方式特征与自测健康状况的相关性分析

Correlation analysis of coping strategies and self-rated health of nurses in 3A military hospitals

目的了解军队三级甲等医院护士的应对方式特征及其与自测健康状况的关系。方法采用随机整群抽样法，抽取北京、上海、广州、重庆4座城市的军队三甲医院护士727名，应用简易应对方式问卷和自测健康评定量表进行调查。结果军队三甲医院护士应对方式采用最多的依次为：“与人交谈，倾诉内心烦恼”占42．5％，“尽量看到事物好的一面”占40．7％，“向亲戚朋友或同学寻求建议”占38．6％；最少采用的应对方式均为消极应对方式，其中“依靠别人解决问题”占3．3％，“通过服药、吃东西、喝酒、吸烟来解除烦恼”占4．1％，“认为时间会改变现状，唯一要做的便是等待”占6．6％。727名军队三甲医院护士各子量表、各条目的均分及总均分在6．14～9．54之间，处于中间偏上水平。积极应对方式得分与自测健康的3个子量表得分及总分均呈正相关（r=0．200，0．232，0．313，0．302；P〈0．01），消极应对方式得分与自测健康的3个子量表得分及总分均呈负相关（r=-0．143，-0．221，-0．115，-0．205；P〈0．01）。结论不同应对方式对自测健康状况的影响作用不同，积极应对方式有助于军队三甲医院护士的身心健康，消极应对则有负面影响。

Objective To investigate coping strategies and their relationship with self-rated health of nurses in 3A military hospitals. Methods 727 nurses in four 3A military hospitals were assessed by Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Self-rated Health Measurement Scale. Results The three most commonly used coping styles in sequence were： ＂to communicate to pour out worries and troubles＂ （42.5%）, ＂to try to look on the bright side of things＂ （40. 7% ） and ＂to seek for suggestions from relatives, friends, or colleagues＂ （38.6%）. The least commonly adopted coping styles were ＂to depend on others to solve the problem＂ （3.3%）, ＂to get rid of worries by dosing, eating,drinking or smoking＂ （4.1%） and ＂to believe that the current situation will change with time, and that the only thing to do is to wait＂ （6.6%）. Average scores of the factors of all the sub-scales were of middle-upper level, ranging from 6. 14 to 9.54. Positive strategies had significant positive correlation with scores of three sub-scales of self-rated health （r =0. 200, 0. 232, 0. 313, 0. 302, respectively, P 〈0. 01）. Negative strategies had significant negative correlation with scores of three sub-scales of self-rated health （r= -0. 143, -0.221, -0. 115, -0.205, respectively, P〈0.01）. Conclusions Different coping strategies have different effects on self-rated health of nurse in 3A military hospitals. Positive strategies could improve their status of self-rated health while negative ones had contrary effects.