楼宇职员职业紧张与心理健康状况的关系

Relationship between Occupational Stress and Mental Health of Staff from Business Buildings

目的探讨上海市静安区商务楼职员职业紧张与心理健康的关系,以期为进一步采取干预措施提供科学依据。方法抽取静安区11个商务楼,对1 033名职员进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括职员一般情况、工作内容（JCQ）问卷、一般心理状况（GHQ）量表和抑郁量表（CES-D）,对职员的职业紧张和心理健康状况进行调查,资料采用方差分析、等级相关、逐步回归和非条件logistic回归方法进行统计分析。结果内部一致性分析结果显示JCQ问卷、GHQ量表和CES-D量表在本次调查中有较高的信度;调查对象高职业紧张、心理问题倾向和抑郁倾向的现患率分别为32.33%、12.49%和57.89%。方差分析结果表明,JCQ各维度中工作要求和工作自主性得分在不同个体特征差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。等级相关结果显示,职业紧张与GHQ、CES-D的spearm an等级相关系数分别为0.18和0.24,差异有统计学性意义（P〈0.01）,社会支持与GHQ、CES-D的spearm an等级相关系数分别为-0.08和-0.21,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。逐步回归分析结果表明,对心理状况的预测变量为年龄、性别、教育程度、工作要求、自主性,对抑郁状况的预测变量为年龄、工作要求和社会支持,其中以工作要求预测强度较高。logistic回归分析结果显示,高职业紧张所致职员的心理问题风险和抑郁倾向风险分别是低职业紧张的4.46倍（OR95%CI=2.36~8.46）和3.38倍（OR95%CI=2.36~4.85）,而社会支持对职员的心理问题风险和抑郁倾向风险有缓冲效应,OR值为0.61和0.44（P〈0.01）,但社会支持对心理健康状况的影响受混杂因素的干扰明显。结论职业紧张受个体特征因素影响,高职业紧张,尤其高工作要求是导致高心理问题风险和抑郁倾向风险重要因素,应当在个人层面和组织机构层面采取措施,降低职业紧张水平,达到提高职员心理健康水平的目的。

[Objective]To study the relationship between occupational stress and mental health of staffs from business buildings,and provide scientific basis for further intervention.[Methods]A total of 1 033 workers from 11 business buildings were selected for questionnaires survey about general condition,JCQ,CHQ and CES-D.Their occupational stress and mental health were also investigated.The data were statistically analyzed by means of ANOVA analysis,rank correlation,stepwise regression and unconditional logistic regression.[Results]Internal consistency analysis showed that the JCD,GHQ and CES-D had high reliability in the investigation.The prevalence rate of high occupational stress,psychological problem tendency and high depression tendency in the investigated subjects was 32.33%,12.49% and 57.89% respectively.ANOVA analysis showed that scoring of each JCQ dimension,especially job demand and job control scoring,varied significantly between different individual characterizations（P0.05 or P0.01）.Rank correlation indicated that spearman rank correlation coefficient of GHQ and CES-D with occupational stress was-0.08 and-0.21（P0.05 or P0.01） respectively.Stepwise regression analysis showed that variables predicting psychologic status were age,gender,educational background,job demand,autonomy and variables predicting depression tendency were age,job demand and social support,with job demand having the strongest predicting capacity.Logistic regression showed that risks of psychological problem and depression tendency induced by high occupational stress was 4.46 times（OR 95% CI=2.36~8.46） and 3.38 times（OR 95% CI=2.36~4.85）of that induced by low occupational stress,while social support could mitigate the risk of depression tendency,OR=0.61 and OR = 0.44（P0.01）,while confouding factors influenced the effect of social support on mental health obviously.[Conclusion]Occupational stress is affected by individual factors.High occupational stress,especially job demand,is an important factor resulting in high risks of psychological problem and depression tendency.Measures should be taken on the individual level and on organizational level to reduce occupational stress,then workers＇ psychological health can be protected.