词素间语义关系对学龄前汉语儿童理解复合词的影响

The Effects of Semantic Relation between Morphemes in Compounds on Preschool Chinese Children's Compound Understanding

本文采用认知心理学的实验方法研究词素间的语义关系对学龄前汉语儿童理解复合词的影响。实验材料为"性状+物体""材料+物体""用途+物体"三种语义关系的复合词,被试为幼儿园大班、中班、小班共84名儿童,实验任务是词—图匹配。结果显示,儿童理解陌生复合词的正确率随年龄的增长而升高;三个年龄段儿童理解复合词词义的正确率与词素间的语义关系有关。儿童的错误选择的特点是,倾向于根据重心语素推断复合词的词义,所犯错误也和复合词内部语义关系有关。

There are different semantic relations between nouns and their modifiers in Chinese compounds.In the experiment,three types of compounds are used,whose modifiers refers to shape,material,application respectively.The subjects are children speaking Chinese in kindergarten.The results of the experiment show that semantic relations between morphemes of compounds have effect on children＇s compound understanding.The proportion of choosing correct answer rises with children grows.To compounds with different types of semantic relation,the wrong choice shows different characteristics.