戏剧翻译上口性——基于语料库的英若诚汉译《请君入瓮》研究

Orality in Drama Translation:A Corpus-based Study on YING Ruocheng’s Translation of Measure for Measure

由于戏剧翻译涉及媒介的转换，上口性便成为戏剧翻译的典型特征，但是国内学界还鲜有相关研究。本研究在综述国外戏剧翻译上口性研究的基础上，自建了英若诚、朱生豪和梁实秋汉译莎士比亚《请君入瓮》译本小型语料库，并将三个译本进行了比较。运用文本处理软件ICTCLAS、TextPreProcessing和Concordance 3．0对三个译本的词频和平均句长进行统计的结果显示：英若成译本平均句长最短，成语、谚语、习语、俗语等的使用频率最高；在话轮管理和话语标记语的翻译方面，英译同样独具匠心，保证了台词的简练明快和对白的自然顺畅，理想地实现了其倡导的戏剧翻译口语化的两个标准：“活”的语言和“脆”的语言。研究发现，上口性是保证翻译戏剧实现舞台可表演性的关键；身兼导演、演员和戏剧译者的英若诚为戏剧翻译的上口性研究带来很多启示。

Orality is a typical feature of drama translation due to the transfer of media, but there have been few researches concerning it in China. Based on a review of studies on orality in drama translation abroad, we compared YING Ruocheng＇s translation of Shakespeare＇s Measure for Measure with ZHU Shenghao＇s and LIANG Shiqiu＇s versions. A corpus consisting of the three versions was built and observations of the average sentence length as well as word frequency were made with the aid of text processing software, such as ICTCLAS, TextPreProcessing and Concordance 3.0. The statistics show that YING＇s version features the shortest average sentence length and the highest idioms/proverbs use in frequency. From the perspectives of transition relevance place （TRP） and the use of discourse markers, YING＇s management of turn-taking in dramatic dialogues shows his strategic ingenuity for brevity and smoothness, which proves that his translation reaches a perfect agreement with his criteria for orality of dramatic discourses-＂ lively＂ and ＂crisp＂. The research comes up with the conclusions that orality is a crucial factor that contributes to the performability of translated dramas; YING Ruocheng, an eminent director, actor and drama translator, had left us a valuable source of inspiration for the studies of orality in drama translation.