基于无基质草毯生产的种茎切割铺布机的设计与试验

Development and test of cutting seed-stem and roll out cloth machine based on production of non-medium grass blanket

用无基质草毯代替带土草皮绿化城市环境,对减少草坪种苗用地、保护种苗地耕作层土壤结构和降低移栽草皮的劳动强度都具有重要意义。为此,研制了手推式种茎切割铺布机械,该机主要由扶手、机架、地轮、滚刀、展布辊和拨辊等组成,其结构简单、安全可靠,能同时完成种茎切割、抛洒和铺布作业。通过运动分析确定了滚刀的作用宽度、切割间距、切割特性角和种茎的抛起高度等切割参数。以种茎采集量和种茎在无纺布上的分布均匀性为评价指标的试验结果表明,种茎的高度对其影响非常显著,适宜高度约为10 cm;机具的作业速度对其影响较显著,适宜速度为0.7~1.0 m/s;定刀倾角在10°~20°间变化对其影响不显著。

It is significance that non-medium grass blanket instead of grass for virescence urban environment which reduce using land for lawn germchit,protect soil structure of germchit land and alleviate labor intensity of transplanting lawn.Therefore,a kind of hand push cutting seed-stem and stretch out cloth machine was developed and it was mainly composed of handrail,framework,land wheel,cylinder-type cutter,stretch cloth roll and turning roller.The machine was simple structure and safe and reliable,and it was able to cut seed-stem,meanwhile,the seed-stem were flinged and cloth were unrolled.Cutting parameters of cylinder-type cutter,such as cutting-width,cutting-space,cutting characteristic angle and fling height of seed-stem were ascertained by movement analysis.An orthogonal experiment that evaluation indexes are collected volume of seed-stem and distribution uniformity of seed-stem on non-woven fabric was done.The experiment indicated that：（1） Height of seed-stem had a notably significant effect on the evaluation indexes and the best height was 10 cm.（2） Working speed of the machine is less notable effect than height of seed-stem on evaluation indexes and rational working speed is 0.7~1.0 m/s.（3） Dip angle of fixed knife is 10°~20°and this range of the angle is not notable effect on evaluation indexes.