天线阵微波和数字波束形成的联合结构与算法

A Hybrid Structure and Algorithm of Microwave and Digital Beam-Forming for Antenna Array

研究了一种适用于平面天线阵的数控微波相移波束形成和数字波束形成的联合结构与算法,并对其进行仿真、测试。这种结构由微波硬件、数字控制硬件和数字信号处理器组成,其中数控微波相移系统采用了开关控制移相设计,射频信号通过微波移相系统完成俯仰面微波波束合成,经过下变频后在中频数字化,然后采用基于FPGA和DSP的数字波束形成自适应算法进行来波的方位角估计和水平波束合成。讨论了联合结构、数学模型、测向原理和波束形成。通过具体的设计和仿真验证结构和算法。仿真和测试表明移相误差小于0.7°,副瓣电平低于-14dB。

In this paper,a new planar antenna array structure is presented.It is a structure hybrid of digital shifting phase microwave beam-forming and digital beam-forming.The structure consists of microwave hardware and digital control hardware and digital signal processor.A digital shifting phase circuit is used to form radio beam in vertical plane.Then,the radio beam is down-converted to IF and analog-to-digital converted.The digital IF signal is processed for direction of arrival（DOA） estimation and adaptive beam-forming（ABF） based on FPGA and DSP.A math model of DOA theory and beam-forming for this structure is discussed.Finally,a design of the structure is given and simulated.The result shows shifting phase error is less than 0.7 degree and side lobe level is below-14dB.