保护地蔬菜土壤中木霉菌种群影响因素

Effect Factors to Trichoderma Populations in Greenhouse Soil of Vegetables

采用传统的形态学特征和ITS、TEF序列比对鉴定出11个木霉种,其中长枝木霉Trichoderma longibrachiatum、深绿木霉Trichoderma atroviride和哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum是蔬菜保护地土壤中的优势种群。同时研究表明种植年限、蔬菜种类、轮作制度、杀菌剂等均会影响木霉菌数量和分布,木霉菌的数量与种植年限、蔬菜种植结构密切相关,连作时,当种植年限超过10 a,木霉菌数量减少;轮作地比连作地木霉菌数量虽然下降,但在真菌中的比例却呈上升趋势;种植葱蒜类蔬菜的地块比种植番茄、黄瓜的地块木霉菌数量多。从蔬菜田中分离到的木霉菌对杀菌剂的抗性较强。土壤因素中以土壤有机质含量对木霉菌数量的影响最为重要,达到极显著水平,回归直线方程为y=0.13x-1.07。表明提高土壤中有机质含量及轮作是提高木霉菌生物种群多样性的主要因子。

Using traditional morphological classification and ITS,TEF sequences analysis methods,eleven Trichoderma species were identified and as three of which,T.longibrachiatum,T.atroviride,and T.harzianum,were dominant species.At the same time,quantities and distribution of Trichoderma in soils were affected by cultivating ages,vegetable species,fungicides and rotation pattern etc.The result showed that quantities of Trichoderma were closely related to cultivating ages and rotation pattern.（i） Continuous cropping exceeding 10 years decreased the quantities of Trichoderma.And rotation also decreased the quantities of Trichoderma,but its percentage in the fungi groups were increasing.（ii） Trichoderma quantities in the rhizosphere of allium vegetables were more than in the rhizosphere of tomato and cucumber.（iii） The resistance of Trichoderma to fungicides was stronger than those from other environments.（iv）The effect of organic nutrition on Trichoderna quantities was the most important in the soils factors and linear aggression equation was y= 0.13x-1.07.It was concluded that rotation and organic manure fertilization are the key factors to increase the useful microorganisms.