医学生焦虑情绪与一般自我效能感及应对方式的关系研究

Associations of Anxiety with General Self-Efficacy and Coping Style among Medical Students

目的调查医学生焦虑情绪状况及其与自我效能感和应对方式的关系,为提高医学生心理健康教育工作质量提供依据。方法采用分层抽样的方法,随机抽取440名医学生为研究对象进行问卷调查和心理测评,测评工具包括焦虑自评量表(SAS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、应对方式量表(CSS)。结果医学生高焦虑水平的发生率为17.5%,焦虑水平在性别、年级及不同专业间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。焦虑与自责、幻想、退避、合理化4个因子呈正相关,焦虑与自我效能、解决问题呈负相关(P<0.05)。自责、解决问题、合理化、求助4个变量是焦虑情绪的有效预测因素,联合解释焦虑情绪总变异的14.6%。结论应根据医学生焦虑情绪的状况及影响因素,采取针对性的健康教育和心理干预,预防和降低焦虑问题的发生率。

Objective To investigate the anxiety status and its correlations with general self-efficacy and coping style among medical students with the hope to provide reference for mental health education.Methods A total of 440 medical students,sampled by stratified method,were surveyed with Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS） and General Self Efficacy Scale（GSES）,Coping Style Scale（CSS）.Results Incidence of high anxiety level was 17.5%.Differences of anxiety levels were significant with respect to sex,school-year,and discipline（P0.05）.Anxiety was positively correlated with self-blame,fantasy,avoidance,and rationalization;anxiety was negatively correlated with self-efficacy and problem solving（P0.05）.Stepwise regression analysis showed that self-blame,problem solving,rationalizing,and help-seeking were among the effective predictors of anxiety,explaining 14.6% of the total variance of anxiety.Conclusion Anxiety should be prevented or reduced by special helath education and intervention designed according to the related factors.