中国农业污染防控的制度约束研究

Study on Institutional Constraints of Agricultural Pollution Prevention and Control in China

中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,正经历着越发严重的农业污染问题;对农业污染防控的制度性约束因素进行深入分析,是实现有效污染防控的前提,具有积极的理论和现实意义。对中国农业污染防控的制度约束分析研究表明:农业污染及其防控涉及的利益主体关系及相关制度设计,对各利益主体形成了污染防控负激励,加重了农业污染;城乡"二元"结构及其衍生的一系列体制问题,导致"三农"在农业环境治理、农村公共物品提供等方面被严重边缘化,进而直接制约了农业污染防控;此外,高度分散的小规模农户经营模式也不利于农业污染防控。最后,针对中国农业污染防控的制度性约束因素,提出了有针对性的农业污染防控政策建议。

Agricultural pollution（AP）has been a leading source of many environmental problems in the world.China,the largest developing country,has been suffering the most severe agricultural pollution（AP） which is mostly getting worse and has its own special economic and social institutions.In-depth analysis of institutional constraints of AP is a prerequisite for effective AP prevention and control in China.On the basis of the study on institutional constraints of AP and its control in China,some conclusions are drawn： the relationship and its institutional arrangement between stakeholders such as government,farmers,township enterprises involved in Chinese AP,are negative for AP control and even increase AP;because of dualistic economic and social structure of urban and rural China,agricultural environmental management and provision of public goods in rural areas have been seriously marginalized in the past 30 years,thereby directly restriced AP prevention and control;also,the highly decentralized and small-scale farming by individual owners in China is not conductive to AP prevention and control.Therefore,analysis of those institutional constraints of AP prevention and control may be important in shaping policies and even in shaping related theoretical researches in China.