甘肃河西走廊节水农业生态补偿机制探索

Exploration on Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Water-saving Agriculture in Hexi Corridor of Gansu

甘肃河西走廊荒漠与绿洲共存,水资源总量缺乏,低降水高蒸发,属典型的灌溉农业区和资源型缺水区域。由于水的供需矛盾突出,导致地下水位以0.57 m.a-1速率下降、防风固沙林衰败枯死、绿洲萎缩、沙尘暴增多。依据"限用地下水、适用地表水、用足天上水"、"开源节流、严防蒸发、提高水效益"的发展节水农业思路,采用"工程节水、农艺节水、生物节水、管理节水"四大并举的节水技术措施,筹措和整合各种涉农项目资金,对四大措施的各个环节增加投入部分,进行科学合理的生态补偿。积极地从补偿政策制定、补偿资金筹措、补偿执行监督、补偿效果确定等方面,探索甘肃河西走廊节水农业生态补偿机制,激励水管单位和农民2个节水主体的积极性,有效落实各项节水技术措施。3年累计示范推广高效农田节水技术66.67万hm2,节水10亿m2,增收5亿元。

In Hexi corridor of Gansu,the desert and oasis are coexistent,lack of water resources,scarce rainfall and very intensive evaporation.It belongs to a typical area of irrigated agriculture with short of water resource.The conflict between water requirement and supply is very obvious,which led to the ground water latitude coming down rapidly with the speed of 0.57m·a-1,the sand fixation forests dying,the oasis shrinking and the sandstorm increasing.Based on thought for developing water-saving agriculture by limiting the ground water usage,suitable using the surface water,full use of the rainfall,exploring the water resource and water conservation,strictly defending the evaporation,improving the water efficieney through four kinds of water-saving technological measure of engineering water-saving,agronomy water-saving,biology water-saving and management water-saving,raised and integrated all kinds of project fund which related to agriculture to give scientific and reasonable compensation to the part of increased input for four kinds of measures.Explore the ecological compensation mechanism of water-saving agriculture in Hexi corridor from the aspects of laying down the compensation policies,raising the compensation fund,supervising the compensation implementation and ascertaining the compensation results;stimulate the enthusiasm of two water-saving subject,that is the water management unit and farm;implement all kinds of water-saving technical measures effectively.Three-year demonstration study gave an evidence of extending the high efficiency technology of water saving farmland 6.667×105 hm2,saving water with 1×109 m3,and increasing income with 5×108 yuan.