云南大理洱海流域农业面源污染防治和生态补偿实践

Non-Point Source Agricultural Pollution Control and Eco-compensation Practice in Erhai Catchment,Yunnan Province

洱海是大理人民赖以生存和发展的"母亲湖",保护洱海是全州实现可持续发展的前提和基础,保护洱海就是保护大理发展的根基。"治湖先治污,治污先治源"。近年来大理州委、州政府及流域各级农业部门高度重视洱海农业面源污染防治及生态补偿工作,总结、提炼了一些成功的生态补偿经验和做法,特别是在种养结构调整、测土配方施肥、畜禽粪便资源化利用、农产品质量安全、稻田养殖生态鱼等方面实施了大量的以项目形式的生态补偿实践,同时在生态补偿的理论、政策、措施,补偿对象、补偿方式、补偿资金等方面作了初步探索,取得了明显成效,洱海流域农业面源污染控制初步实现了"控源、减排、循环、利用"的目标。本文通过总结大理州近年来以项目形式实施的农业生态补偿机制体制的经验,旨在为保护高原湖泊实施农业生态补偿提供科技支撑。

Erhai is the＂Mother Lake＂ for local people′s survival and development in Dali Prefecture of Yunnan Province.Protection of Erhai Lake is premise and foundation for sustainable development for the whole state.This paper summarizes some successful ecological compemstaion experieces and methods,especially introduces ecological compensation practices on aspects of optimizing of farm breeding stucture,coverd soil testing and fourmulated fertiliztion,resource utilaztion of animal husbandry manures,agricultural product safety,fish cultivation in rice field.Some ecological compenstion theories,policies and measures,compensation objectives modes and subsidies are also probed.