华北高产粮区桓台县农民地下水污染防治意愿的调查分析

Investigation and analysis of farmers′ Desire for the Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Control in Huantai County on North China Plain

桓台县是华北平原的具有代表性的高产粮区,长期集约化的农业耕作模式,导致地下水硝态氮含量的大幅上升,威胁当地居民的身体健康。为更好地保护地下水,降低农业生产对地下水的污染,在2007年春季对桓台县323位农民进行了地下水保护意愿调查,分别对农民农业生产环保意识、改善地下水污染的意愿和农民的环境保护责任意识进行了分析,结果显示多数农民担心地下水污染会对人体造成伤害,但是仅少数的农民了解不合理的农业耕作会导致地下水的污染;大多数农民乐意接受新型环保肥料,但是接近一半的农民表示当地缺乏农技人员的指导;多数农民表示愿意加入农业生产协会以改善农业生产方式,但是农民对于农业所造成的地下水污染责任意识不强;受教育程度和收入状况越高的农民地下水保护意识越强,越容易接受改善农业生产模式,责任心相对也较强。建议在桓台县加大对地下水污染防治的宣传和投入力度的同时,加强农业技术推广体系建设和健全地下水水质监控与监管体系等措施。

Huantai County is a high grain yield representation on the North China Plain,where a substantial increase have occurred to the nitrate concentrations in groundwater due to the long-term intensive farming resulting in a severe harm to local farmers′ health.323 farmers in Huantai County was investigated about their desires for the groundwater protection.Meanwhile,the consciousness about environmental protection,the desire to improve groundwater environment,as well as the awareness of environmental protection responsiblity for the local farmers were also under consideration.The result showed that most farmers were worried about the harm brought by the groundwater pollution,but few of them understood that unsuitalbe agricultural production would lead to the groundwater pollution.About half of the farmers expressed the lack of technological instructional from agro-experts,though most of them would like to adopt new environmental-friendly fertilizer.Most farmers were ready to join in the Agricultural Production Association to improve their agricultural technology,but scarce sense of responsibility on groundwater protection was still in existence.The higher education and income farmers gained,the higher sense of responsibility and environmental protection awareness would they have,and the bigger possibility for them to accept improvements by means of agricultural techniques.Thus it can be seen that strengthen the publicity on pollution prevention and increase the input are necessary,and promoting the construction of technology transfer system and improving the groundwater quality monitering and supervision system is of the equal importance.