中国流域水资源生态补偿的法律问题与对策

Legal Issues and Strategy Studies on Ecological Compensation for Water Basin Resources in China

随着我国经济社会的不断发展,水资源不足和水质污染引起的水危机已经成为许多地区可持续发展中的重要制约因素。在这种背景下,为了平衡环境、社会和经济多元利益,寻求先进的法律机制来调节平衡、保护流域生态环境、促进流域的可持续发展已成为一种共识。开展流域水资源生态补偿是实现流域上下游之间等相关方利益公平的关键所在。但由于我国缺乏生态补偿立法和相应的制度安排,流域水资源生态补偿目前仍面临许多问题:我国流域水资源生态补偿进展缓慢、法律制度滞后、部分法律法规彼此之间矛盾和相互冲突、流域水资源生态补偿的法律制度缺位、立法模式不适合当今流域生态环境问题解决等。本文通过对我国有关涉水法律中存在问题的分析,提出一些有关流域水资源生态补偿法律制度建设和完善的对策,以期对中国流域水资源生态补偿的推进和进一步实现水资源的可持续利用有所帮助。

With the continuous economic development,water crisis caused by water shortage and water pollution has been a key restriction to the sustainable development of social and economic progress in many regions of China.Under this circumstance,to acquire a balanced ecological environment and maintain the sustainable development of river basin through the advanced legal mechanism has become a prominent issue.In fact,for the equal growth of the upstream and downstream watersheds,the best way is to carry out the ecological compensation in basin water resources.However,due to the lack of relevant ecological compensation legislations and institutional arrangements,there are still many problems in the process.These problems include slow development of ecological compensation system,the contradictions among some laws and regulations,the absence of the legal system in ecological compensation,and the incompatible legislative pattern.Based on the comparative studies of existing problems of water-related laws in China,this paper offers some suggestions on the construction and improvement of the legislation system for watershed eco-compensation,in the hope of pushing forward the sustainable utilization of water resources in the country.