环鄱阳湖区部分叶菜类蔬菜重金属污染评价与来源分析

Pollution Situation Assessment of Heavy Metal in Part of Leaf Vegetables in the Area around Poyang Lake

[目的]对环鄱阳湖区部分叶菜类蔬菜的重金属污染状况进行评价,并对其来源进行分析。[方法]测定环鄱阳湖区11个县的蔬菜基地、农家的3种叶菜类蔬菜共163个样品中的Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu和Zn重金属的含量,评价重金属的污染状况,通过比较2种来源蔬菜污染状况进一步分析环湖区蔬菜重金属的污染来源。[结果]环鄱阳湖区叶菜类蔬菜有2/3样品的重金属含量超标,超标率在50%以上,其中白菜Pb超标最为严重,超标率高达85.2%;单因子污染指数评价表明,环鄱阳湖区叶菜类蔬菜的安全和优良级别所占比例为66.9%,已受到一定程度的重金属污染,其中以芹菜受污染的程度最大,污染主要来源于Cr、Pb;在2种种植方式下,基地蔬菜受重金属污染水平较高于农家。[结论]环鄱阳湖经济区的工业、交通的大力发展已初步造成区域的蔬菜重金属污染,建议环湖区居民适当减少芹菜和基地蔬菜的食用来降低由此引起的健康风险。

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the heavy metal pollution to some vegetables and plants in Poyang lake and also to analyze the causes.[Method] By determining the heavy metal content in Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn in the vegetable bases in eleven counties and three kinds of vegetables in farmland,the pollution of heavy metal was illustrated.The causes of heavy metal pollution in Poyang Lake were further discussed through comparing two sources of vegetable in Poyang Lake.[Result] Results showed that 2/3 of leaf vegetable samples in Poyang Lake area of heavy metals exceeding the rate was over 50%.Pb in cabbage exceeded the most seriously with excessive rate 85.2%.Single-factor pollution index showed that the degree of pollution of the vegetables in the Poyang Lake area was low,of which 66.9% were safe and fine.Celery was contaminated in the greatest extent by Cr、Pb.In both cropping patterns,the level of heavy-metal contamination of vegetables in vegetable base was higher than farms.[Conclusion] Heavy metal pollution in vegetables had initially caused by the strong development of industrial and traffic of economic zone of Poyang Lake.Residents around Poyang Lake were suggested to reduce consumption of celery and vegetables of base or in an appropriate amount to decrease the health risks.