恩格尔系数局限性分析——以河北省农村为例

The Analysis of Limitation of Engel's Coefficient-A Case Study of Rural Areas in Hebei Province as an Example

在介绍恩格尔系数相关理论的基础上,剖析了该理论在当前我国实际应用中的局限性,如沿用原始理论,不符合我国实际;纵横对比失效,不利于相关分析;特殊因素剔除,易造成结论失真。以河北省农村为例,分析了恩格尔系数在分析农村经济差距上的局限性:地域横向上,恩格尔系数忽视地区之间消费结构的差异,以及地区之间经济阶段的差异;时间纵向上,恩格尔系数忽视消费结构的周期性变化,以及不同时期不同类型家庭的比重变化。根据我国农村实际,提出了对恩格尔系数的修正模型:①恩格尔系数=(食物+教育+医疗)支出变动百分比/总支出变动百分比;恩格尔系数=(食物+教育+医疗)支出变动百分比/收入变动百分比;②恩格尔系数=食物支出变动百分比/(总支出-教育支出-医疗支出)变动百分比;③恩格尔系数=食物支出变动百分比/总支出变动百分比。

On the basis of introducing relevant theories of Engel＇s coefficient,this paper analyzes the limitation of these theories in practical application currently in China,for example,continuing to use original theory,is not in line with reality of China;comparison invalidity in length and breadth,is not conducive to relevant analysis;culling out the special factors easily causes distortion of conclusion.Taking rural areas in Hebei Province as an example,this paper analyzes the limitation of Engel＇s coefficient in analyzing the gap of rural economy： in terms of region horizontally,Engel＇s coefficient neglects the difference of consumption structure among regions,and difference of economic stages among regions;in terms of time vertically,Engel＇s coefficient neglects the periodic change of consumption structure and the ratio change of different families in different periods.According to the reality of China＇s rural areas,the correction model of Engel＇s coefficient is established as follows.Firstly,Engel＇s coefficient=percentage of expenditure variation（food＋education＋medical service）/percentage of total expenditure variation;Engel＇s coefficient=percentage of expenditure variation（food＋education＋medical service）/percentage of income variation.Secondly,Engel＇s coefficient=percentage of expenditure variation of food/percentage of variation of（total expenditure-educational expenditure-medical expenditure.Thirdly,Engel＇s coefficient=percentage of expenditure variation of food/percentage of total expenditure variation.