我国农业巨灾风险分散机制及其立法构想

Agricultural Mechanism of Diversification of Catastrophe Risk in China Legislation Conception

介绍了农业巨灾及其特征,对现有农业巨灾风险分散机制进行了比较分析,表明行政救济机制效率最高但成本也最高;社会救助机制成本最低,但效率也最低且存在不稳定因素;市场机制即农业巨灾保险才是农业巨灾风险分散机制的理性选择。分析了我国农业巨灾保险的现状,表明我国农业巨灾保险经营主体缺失,市场需求严重不足,农业巨灾保险缺乏其发展的外部环境,而我国农业保险法的缺失成为农业巨灾保险发展的最大障碍。从立法目的、基本原则、性质、法律关系主体、经营范围、政策扶持的主要方式以及监督管理等方面提出了对我国农业巨灾保险的立法构想。

This paper introduces agricultural catastrophe and its characteristics,and conducts comparative analysis on existing mechanism of diversification of agricultural catastrophe risk,indicating that the mechanism of administrative remedy has the greatest efficiency and highest cost;the mechanism of social assistance has the lowest cost,but its efficiency is lowest and there are unstable factors;market mechanism,namely the insurance of agricultural catastrophe,is the rational choice of agricultural department in mechanism of risk diversification.This paper analyzes the status quo of China＇s insurance of agricultural catastrophe,indicating that the main body of management in China＇s insurance of agricultural catastrophe is missing.In addition,the market demand is critically scanty,and insurance of agricultural catastrophe lacks external development environment.The gap of China＇s insurance law of agricultural catastrophe has become the greatest obstacle to the development of insurance of agricultural catastrophe.From legislation aim,basic principle,nature,main body of legal relations,management range,policy support,supervision and management and so on,the legislation conception of China＇s insurance of agricultural catastrophe is put forward.