硅肥对水稻生长发育及产量品质的影响

The effect of sillicom fertilizer on growth and development,yield and quality of rice

以两系杂交稻田两优4号为材料,于2009年在上饶师院生命科学学院试验田研究了硅肥对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响,结果表明:经过硅肥处理的水稻小区产量均高于不施硅肥的对照,平均比对照增产5.15%。其中硅肥为120 kg/hm2的产量最高,每667 m2产量为559.09 kg,比对照增产11.31%。水稻施加硅肥有利于单位面积有效穗数和每穗的实粒数的增加,平均比对照增加5.73%、10.28%。提高了水稻的结实率,但对千粒重和蛋白质含量影响不大,施硅显著提高稻米碱消值,在一定程度上降低直链淀粉含量和水稻垩白粒率和垩白度,提高大米的蒸煮品质和食味品质。同时水稻施加硅肥不仅降低了水稻植株高度,提高了水稻的根系活力,而且增加了水稻整个生育时期的纤维素的含量和水稻生育后期叶片叶绿素含量,促进了水稻的生长发育。说明在80～160 kg/hm2施用水平内,对水稻春光1号效应最明显。

The effects of sillicom fertilizer on yield and quality of rice were studied with the tow-line rice hybird ＂Tianliangyou 4＂ in school of life science of Shangrao Normal University experimental field during 2009.The main results were as follows：Campared with blank（0 kg/667m2）,the average field of applying sillicom fertilizer could increase 5.15%.The highest field of applying Sillicom fertilizer was 559.09 kg/667m2 increasing the field by 11.31% with blank.The productive panicles and garin number per panicle increased insignificanty,Campared with blank（0 kg/667m2）,the productive panicles and garin number per panicle increased by 5.73%and 10.28%.The sillicom has fertilized the rise handling the seed setting percentage,effect was not big but to weight of a thousand seeds and protein content.Sillicom fertilizer could increase the rice＇s alkali spreading value,could reduce rice＇s amylose content,chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree presente.and could increase the rice＇s stewing quality and eating taste.At the same time,the sillicom fertilizer not only could reduce rice＇s plant height,improved the root system of the rice vigour,but also could increase chllulose content in the all stage and chlorophyll content in the later stage of rice.Sillicom fertilizer could promote growth and development of rice.The results that,high yield and good quality could be well coordianted at a relatively high leve by applying optimum Si llicon fertilizer 80～160 kg/hm2 for ＂Chunguang 1＂.