岩溶特有植物地枫皮的种质资源调查及地理分布

Investigation on the wild germplasm resources and geographical distribution of Illicium difengpi,a limestone endemic plant

采用走访调查、现地样方取样和实验室数据测定分析相结合的方法,对西地枫皮野生资源的地理分布特点、生长特性和种群特征进行了调查。结果表明:(1)地枫皮主要分布在北纬22°18′15.4″～25°2′33″,东经106°1′39.6″～108°46′20.6″区域内。其垂直分布高度在海拔450～1 200 m之间,以500～800 m之间的范围较为常见。(2)地枫皮为喜暖热植物,属热带性树种,主要生长在石灰岩山顶,偶见于半山腰石山疏林下。(3)地枫皮原生群落以灌木为主,森林植被较少,不同分布区植被的组成种类有较大差异,植物的重复性差。(4)自然繁殖能力低弱、生存环境不断恶化及产区群众乱采滥挖,是导致地枫皮濒危的主要原因。

This article was survey on wild germplasm resources of Illicium difengpi as well as analyzed it＇s geographical distribution,growth characteristics and population traits through visit inquisition,sample square investigation and analysis of chemical composition in laboratory.The results showed that：（1） I.difengpi was mainly distributed in the regions of 22°18′15.4″N～25°2′33″N,106°1′39.6″E～108°46′20.6″E,the vertical height was distributed at altitude of 450~1 200 m and mainly distributed at altitude of 500~800 m.（2）The I.difengpi mainly grows in limestone where top of the mountain and rarely grows in mountainside where around thin forests.It had developed root system and preferred to grow in neutral or weak alkaline black lime soil which contained abundant organic matter and calcium.The I.difengpi belong to tropical species and require amount of heat for normal growth,therefore,the blade strait characteristic of I.difengpi has extremely differences in different habitats and show typical xerophytic plant characters.The main reason of I.difengpi endangered caused by low natural reproduce ability,worsening survival environment as well as indiscriminate digging.（3）The native communities character of I.difengpi was more distributed with shrubs and less forest vegetation,the composition of plants category had bigger differences in different regions,comparison quantity of species in Community,RubiaceaeUrticaceaeRutaceae and Euphorbiaceae.（4）Weak natural reproduce ability,worsening of the living environment and random and immoderation were composed of the main cause of I.difengpi was endangered.