切花文心兰无土栽培基质的优化筛选

Optimize and select of substrates for commercial culture of cut-flower Oncidium Orchid

选用木炭、树皮、碎石、陶粒、玉米秸秆和药渣6种材料,根据各自的特点按不同比例混合成15个基质配比,以纯木炭作为对照,开展切花文心兰无土栽培基质的筛选。通过测定各种配方基质的容重、孔隙度大小空隙及其比值、电导率和pH等指标,结果表明这16种基质均适宜用于文心兰栽培。比较不同配比混合基质对文心兰营养生长及生殖生长各项指标的影响发现,木炭+秸秆+药渣+碎石(1∶1∶1∶1)栽培的文心兰,其株高、假鳞茎周长及假鳞茎高均达到最大值,在各项开花性状中,除分枝数外,其他指标均优于其余15种基质配方,利用DPS统计学软件进行方差分析和主成分分析,该基质配方的综合得分最高。

6 cultural materials including charcoal,bark,crushed stone,haydite,corn straw and herb residue were mixed into 15 kinds of cultural substrates according to the different proportion and based on their respective characteristics.In this study,soiless cultural substrates suitable for cut flower Oncidium were screened in those 15 kinds of cultural substrates,with only charcoal as control.Physical and chemical properties test results,such as volume weight,total porosity and so on,showed that all the cultivation substrates were suitable for planting Oncidium.The Oncidium cultured under different mixture substrates were compared in terms of vegetable growth and reproductive growth.The results showed that Oncidium cultured under S12（charcoal： corn straw： herb residue： crushed stone at a rate of 1∶1∶1∶1） grew best,whose plant height,pseudobulb height and girth reached maximum,and whose flowering-related traits except branch number were all the best.And the observation datas were analyzed using the statistical software DPS.Variance analysis and principle component analysis showed the S12 got the highest mark.