海南露地辣椒钾肥肥效研究

Capsicum response to potassium application in Hainan

采用田间小区试验方法,对海南露地辣椒钾肥效应进行研究。结果表明：露地辣椒适量施钾较不施钾显著增产和提高经济效益,总体上辣椒产量和经济效益均随钾肥用量的增加呈先增后减的趋势;辣椒施钾较不施钾增产3.4%~18.9%,平均9.1%;施K2O 450 kg/hm2以内,辣椒施钾提高经济效益4.4%~16.5%,平均9.5%;施K2O 300 kg/hm2处理的产量和经济效益均最高。增施钾肥可提高辣椒果实维生素C含量,随着钾肥用量的增加,辣椒果实维生素C含量呈增加的趋势;辣椒适量施钾能显著增加果长和果肉厚,平均果长增加5.1%,果肉厚增加13.7%;适量施钾可显著增加辣椒叶、茎和果实的钾吸收量,大小为果实〉茎〉叶;辣椒施K2O 300 kg/hm2处理的钾肥农学利用率最高,为31.7 kg/kg;本试验条件下,海南露地辣椒钾肥适宜用量为K2O 300 kg/hm2左右。

Results from the field experiment in Hainan showed that proper potassium application under medium soil fertility level significantly increased yield and income of capsicum,with them tending to increase first and then decrease with increasing potassium application.Potassium application increased yield of capsicum by 3.4%~18.9%（averaged 9.1%） at rates of K2O application ranging from 0 to 750 kg/hm2,and increased inome by 4.4%~16.5 %（averaged 9.5%） at rates of K2O application being less than 450 kg/hm2.K2O application rate of 300 kg/hm2 for the highest yield and income of capsicum was found.Potassium application increased Vc content in edible capsicum parts,with the content tending to increase with increasing potassium application.Distinct increases in length and thickness of fruits by proper potassium application were found,with respective increase being 5.1% and 13.7%.Significant increases in potassium uptake of fruit,stem and leaf of capsicum were found by proper potassium application,and potassium uptake in capsicum showed a general tendency： fruit stem leaf.The highest agronomic efficiency of 31.7 kg/kg was observed by K2O application rate of 300 kg/hm2.Proper K2O application rate of capsicum under medium soil fertility level in Hainan study area was about 300 kg/hm2.