毒死蜱的应用现状及降解研究进展

Current application status and progress of degradation of chlorpyifos

毒死蜱作为替代高毒有机磷农药的品种之一,是目前我国农药畅销品种,但大量使用的同时也带来了残留问题,它在环境中的降解不容忽视。综述了毒死蜱的应用残留及其降解情况,分析了该农药的残留毒性、光解水解动态、土壤吸附降解动态及微生物对该农药的降解作用,以期使毒死蜱更合理有效地应用于农业生产。微生物降解作为毒死蜱降解的有效途径,近年来发展迅速,目前针对毒死蜱微生物降解的研究已拓展到分子领域。基因工程及酶工程的发展应用使毒死蜱的微生物降解呈现出广阔的前景。

In China,chlorpyrifos is one of the pesticides which replace highly toxic organophosphorus and it＇s in the best-selling varieties.But a lot of use has also brought problems of recidue.The degradation of chlorpyfos in the environment cannot be ignored.In this paper,the current application and residue status of chlorpyifos and its degradation were reviewed.The residual toxicity,photolysis and hydrolysis dynamics,adsorption and degradation in soil and microbiological degradation were analyzed in detail.As an effective method,microbiological degradation of chlorpyrifos is developing rapidly these years,and now it has expanded to the molecular field.The development and utilization of genetic engineering and enzyme engineering enabled microbiological degradation of chlorpyrifos to show a broad prospect.