舰艇病媒生物本底调查研究

Vector investigation on naval vessel

目的开展大范围的舰艇环境病媒生物本底调查研究,为相关防治工作提供科学依据和指导性建议。方法在北海、东海及南海2个区域设调查点,监测当地气温在20～25℃之间时舰艇上的病媒生物侵害情况。结果水面舰艇主要病媒生物种类为蟑螂与鼠类,侵害率分别高达74.45%与66.15%;其次为蚊、蝇,侵害率分别为27.54%和57.73%;鼠类体表寄生蚤与寄生革螨侵害率分别为43.1%和27.06%;舱室尘螨孳生较为普遍,达到83.2%。潜艇环境只捕获到蟑螂与尘螨,侵害率分别为11.11%和50.39%。舰艇病媒生物侵害有显著的地域性,呈从北到南增强的趋势,而且随服役年限增加,鼠类与蟑螂侵害呈明显上升趋势。结论水面舰艇病媒生物侵害严重,特别是鼠类体表寄生虫及其传播的疾病应引起相关管理部门的重视。

Objective To investigate the vector distribution on naval vessel,and provide scientific basis and instructional proposal for vector control on naval vessel.Methods Surveying the vector on naval vessel at 4 monitoring sites.Results The main vector on naval ships were cockroaches and rodents,the infection rate were 74.45% and 66.15% respectively;the next were mosquitoes and flies,the infection rate were 27.54% and 57.73% respectively;the infection rate of parasitic flea and gamasid mite on rodents were 43.1% and 27.06% respectively;dust mites were popular on naval ships,the infection rate was 83.2%.There were only cockroaches and dust mites captured on submarine,and the infection rate were 11.11% and 50.39% respectively.The vector distribution on naval vessel were significantly different between regions and ages.A higher level was surveyed at south areas and aged ships.Conclusion The situation of vector infection on naval ships was serious,especially the parasites on rodents and its borne diseases should be paid more attention during the vector management.