滇黄芩的解剖学与组织化学研究及其与黄芩的比较

The Anatomical Structure and Histological Localizations of Effective Components in Scutellaria amoena (Lamiaceae)

应用植物解剖学方法和荧光显微技术研究了滇黄芩(Scutellaria amoena)营养器官的解剖结构。结果表明:根的初生结构中木质部为二原型,凯氏带明显,并开始积累淀粉粒;在茎和叶维管束外有厚壁细胞群分布,较成熟的茎中厚壁细胞群连成一环。通过组织化学方法对黄酮类物质的定位研究表明,多年生根的中柱鞘及韧皮部、茎及叶的表皮和与皮层中的薄壁细胞是黄酮类物质的主要积累场所,其含量根>茎>叶。滇黄芩与同属植物黄芩(S.baicalensis)在结构和组化方面的差异主要表现为:黄芩茎中厚壁细胞群分布区域较小且未连成环,细胞壁加厚较不明显,叶中没有厚壁细胞;组化显色结果表明滇黄芩黄酮类物质含量高于黄芩。因此,深入对地方药用资源滇黄芩的研究与开发十分必要。

The anatomical structure of vegetative organs of Scutellaria amoena was studied by anatomy and fluores- cent microscopy approaches. Results show that the primary xylem is diarch. The Casparian strip and starch grain can be clearly observed in the primary structure. The distribution of prothenchyma is beside the vascular bundle of the stems and leaves. The prothenchyma groups in the more mature stem tissue are arranged into a ring. And the study of histological lacalization of flavonoids which has used the method of histochemistry shows that the pericycle and phloem in perennial root, and the parenchyma cells of epidermal and cortical in the stem and leaf, are the places where flavouolds is mainly accumulated. And the histochemistry results demoustrat that the color of relevant tissues in roots is deeper than in stems and leaves. The difference of anatomical structure between S. amoena and S. ba- icalensis is also discussed. The result shows that the mixed groups of prothenchyma are arranged in a relatively small area, but not into a ring in S. baicalensis. The thickening of the cell wall is not strongly. Prothenchyma is not found in the leaf of S. baicalensis, and the difference of histochemistry between these two shows that the content of fla- vonoids in S. amoena is higher than that in S. baicalensis. Therefore it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive development and utilization on the endemics species S. amoena.