2001—2010年住院出生缺陷476例临床分析

Clinical analysis of birth defects in 476 cases of hospitalized children from 2001 to 2010

目的统计住院患儿出生缺陷的发生情况及影响因素,为有效预防出生缺陷提供借鉴。方法收集2001-01-01—2010-12-31南京军区福州总医院儿科住院患儿29015例中发生出生缺陷的病例资料,对患儿出生缺陷构成状况、孕妇多种相关暴露因素进行回顾性分析。结果 10年间南京军区福州总医院儿科住院患儿出生缺陷发生率为16.41‰(476/29015)。近4年(2007—2010年)与前6年(2001—2006年)出生缺陷发生率相比(25.24‰对8.83‰),呈明显增高且呈逐年增加趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.30,P<0.05)。产妇年龄<20岁和>35岁、早产(胎龄<37周)、孕早期患病、孕早期用药、有自然流产史、有家族史为出生缺陷发生的危险因素,而城乡、不同性别间出生缺陷发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。先天性心脏病占所有缺陷类型之首。结论大力实施围生期新生儿出生缺陷监测与干预工作,开展三级预防措施,能有效降低出生缺陷发生率。

Objective To compile the prevalence and factors of birth defects on hospitalized children of Pediatrics in our hospital from 2001 to 2010 and provide some examples for reducing birth defects. Methods Data of birth defects of all hospitalized children from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2010 were reviewed. Types of birth defects and prenatal exposure to risk factors were retrospectively analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of birth defects on hospitalized chil- dren over the past 10 years was 16.41 per 1 000.The risk factors influencing the incidence of birth defects were the age of parturient under 20 and over 35 , preterm birth （birth less than 37 weeks after conception）, sick in early pregnancy, taking medicine in early pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, current family history of congenital defect, but the prevalence rates were no significance between urban and suburb and between male and female.Congenital heart diseases were the most common types of birth defects. Conclusion The surveillance and intervention program of birth defects and tertiary preventions shall be performed to decrease preference of birth defects on perinatal fetuses.