北京城乡交接区居民高血压病及其危险因素横断面调查

A cross-sectional study on hypertension and its risk factors in residents in city-village combination section of Beijing

目的:调查北京市海淀区城乡交接区居民高血压病的现状,为开展居民健康生活方式教育,制订高血压防治策略提供参考依据。方法:用国际标准化的心脑血管病流行病学调查方法,于2010年6～8月对海淀区城乡交接区4个乡镇,25岁以上5 000名居民进行进行问卷调查和体检,对相关因素进行分析。结果:本次共调查5 000名居民,调查问卷回答完整的有4 623名,应答率为92.46%,调查4 623名居民中高血压患者为1 328例,高血压患病率为28.73%,标准化患病率为11.83%,对高血压诊断标准的知晓率为27.71%,有50.75%的高血压病患者能遵照医嘱服药;年龄、性别、文化程度、职业与高血压病相关,吸烟、过度饮酒、饮食结构不合理、缺乏运动、高血压家族史等为高血压病主要危险因素,多个危险因素在同一个体的聚集现象亦非常突出。结论:城乡交接区居民高血压病处于较高水平,主要危险因素的暴露率高、控制率低,高血压相关知识知晓率低,以健康教育和健康促进为主导的综合干预是高血压防治的基础和有效手段。

Objective：To investigate the status quo of hypertension and its risk factors in residents in city-village combi-nation sections in Haidian District to formulate oriental plans for health education and living style intervention and provide reference for prevention and treatment of hypertension.Methods：The internationally confirmed questionnaire for cardio-cerebral vascular diseases was used for the study in 5 000 residents over the age of 25 in the city-village section of Haidi-an District from June to August 2010.Meanwhile,the 5 000 subjects were given physical examination.The correlative fac-tors were analyzed.Results：A total of 4 623 subjects sent back the fully-completed questionnaire and the corresponding rate was 92.46%,Among the 4 623 subjects,1 328 cases had hypertension and the incidence was 28.73%（standardized incidence was 11.83%）.The rate of knowing diagnostic standard for hypertension was 27.71% and 50.75% of the hyperten-sive patients adhered to physician＇s advice in medication.The age,gender,educational background,and occupation were closely correlated to hypertension.Smoking,excessive drinking,unreasonable eating habit,lacking exercise and family his-tory of hypertension were the major risk factors for hypertension.Meanwhile,the phenomenon of multiple factors in one subject was significant.Conclusion：The incidence of hypertension is high in residents in the city-village combination section.The major risk factors in this area have high exposing rate but low controlling rate.In these people,knowledge of hypertension is far from enough.Therefore,the comprehensive interventional measures represented by health education and health improvement are basic and effective means for prevention and treatment of hypertension.