静电纺丝制备纳米纤维及其工业化研究进展

Research and Industrial Development of Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning

针对静电纺丝技术从实验室走向工业化还存在产率低的问题,重点分析了为提高生产效率而采用的多针头纺丝和无针头纺丝等批量化生产方法,简述了静电纺丝的基本原理和实施方法,介绍了静电纺丝制备聚合物纤维、无机物纤维、同轴及中空纤维的情况和特点。随着对静电纺丝方法、设备、工艺和材料研究的深入,通过对高压静电场分布的控制采用多喷头组合方式和无针滚筒方式将成为产业化制备纳米纤维的有效手段。通过控制高压电场分布利用提高效率后的单孔纺丝方法制备出了长、宽、厚分别为1000mm、350mm、1.28mm的芳纶1313纳米纤维布。最后对静电纺丝工业化规模制备纳米纤维材料进行了展望。

According to the problems that the electrospinning technology transfer from the laboratory to the industrialization, the principle and methods of electrospinning are outlined, the nanofibers of polymer and inorganic materials produced by electrospinning, including coaxial and hollow fibers are introduced, and then the methods of improving the production efficiency of multi-needles spinning and needless spinning are analyzed. With the development of the method, equipment, technique and materials of electrospinning, both the multi-needles with high voltage controlling and the needleless with roller modes will be the most effective methods of producing nanofibers through electrospinning. Aramid-1313 nanco-fiber non-woven fabrics with length, width and thickenss of 1000mm, 350mm, 1.28mm, respectively have been produced via modified single needle electrospinning method. At last, industrialized nanofibers produced by electrospinning goes to practice in China is in dire need and with great prospects.