地质图的产生、发展和使用

Emergence,Development and Usage of Geologic Maps

地质图从18世纪中期(1726)初创的萌芽阶段直到19世纪初英国人史密斯.W(1769—1839)在动物群顺序律的基础上,创立了"用化石鉴定地层"的方法,并于1815年出版了英国第一张具有岩石地层单位、古生物化石和地质时代的地质图,奠定了现代地质图的基础。随后的150多年来基本上是沿用这种传统的方法不断完善地质填图。直到从1976年国际地层委员会颁发的《国际地层指南》开始,地质填图由传统的方法,转变为现代地层学方法,包括多重地层单位划分、岩石地层单位穿时性普遍原理应用等,以至当今数字化地质图的产生与广泛应用。地质图为人类的社会经济和文化发展做出了巨大的贡献。

Smith William （1769-1839）, a British land surveyor （British stratigrapher, who laid the earliest foundation of British stratigraphy）, he compiled and published the first geologic map of England and Wales based on the ＂Principle of fossil correlation＂ in 1815. In this geologic map, he showed lithostratigraphic units,fossils, and geologic age etc., which established a foundation of modern geologic map. In the past 150 years, this traditional method of geological mapping（named Smith＇ s method） was used until 1976, when International Stratigraphie Guide was issued by ISSC. The new method, which was developed from the tradition one, consists of the multiple classification of stratigraphic units, ubiquity of diachronism for lithostratigraphic units etc., as well as digital geologic map and digital geological mapping widely being used today. Geologic map has a giant contribution to human social economic construction and culture development.