中国成年居民营养素日常摄入量的研究

STUDY ON USUAL NUTRIENTS INTAKE AMONG ADULT RESIDENTS IN CHINA

目的计算我国成年居民营养素日常摄入量(usual intake,UI),为准确评估我国居民膳食营养素摄入状况提供科学依据。方法使用"2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查"数据,采用ISU方法和NCI方法计算43 672名成年居民的能量、15种营养素、膳食纤维和胆固醇的UI,并与直接计算的3 d摄入量进行比较。结果钙、硒、维生素B2和胆固醇的UI分布均值明显高于3 d摄入量均值,其中男性和女性胆固醇UI分布均值比3 d摄入量均值高14%和30%左右,能量和其余营养素UI分布均值稍低于3 d摄入量均值,其中碳水化合物和维生素C的UI分布均值比3 d摄入量均值低6%左右。能量和所有营养素UI分布标准差均低于3 d摄入量标准差,其中维生素B2的UI分布标准差比3 d摄入量标准差低50%以上;能量和大多数营养素摄入量分布的P10、P25和P50比3 d摄入量分布高,P75和P90比3 d摄入量分布低。结论未经统计学校正的直接计算法高估了大多数营养素摄入量均值及所有营养素摄入量分布的标准差,ISU和NCI方法对于改善营养素摄入量分布曲线尾端的估计很有效。

Objective To estimate the usual nutrients intakes of adults in China,and provide reference for accurate assessment of dietary intakes in Chinese residents.Method The data of China National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 were used for this analysis.We assessed usual intake distributions of energy,15 nutrients,fiber and cholesterol by the NCI method and ISU method among 43 672 adults,and analyzed the differences between the estimated distributions of 3 d intake data and usual intake.Results The means of the usual calcium,selenium,riboflavin and cholesterol intakes were markedly higher than the 3-d means,among which 14% of men and 30% of women had the highest means of the usual cholesterol intakes.For energy and other nutrients,the means of the usual intake were slightly lower than the estimates for 3 d intake data,among which 6% of the population had the lowest means of the usual carbohydrate and vitamin C intakes.The variances of the usual intakes of energy and nutrients were all lower than the estimates derived from 3 d intake data,among which above 50% of the population had the lowest variances of the usual riboflavin intake.The 10th,25th and 50th percentiles in the usual intake distributions increased and the 75th and 90th decreased compared to the estimates for 3 d intake data.Conclusion The means of most nutrients and the variances of all the nutrients were overestimated in the 3 d intake distribution.Adjustments by NCI method and ISU method can improve the estimation of tails in usual nutrients intake distributions.