收入差距、职业选择与经济增长

Income Gap,Occupational Choice and Economic Growth

在寻租理论的基本模型中,假定经济个体具有相同的生产能力,结果发现富有个体选择寻租活动将比选择生产活动带来更多的长期效用,由此导致资本积累率降低和产出减少。扩展模型假定经济个体具有异质生产能力,结果发现富有个体如果在生产活动中具有比较优势,就会增加生产性投资,扩大社会产出。因此,提供高质量的、公平的教育或许是减少寻租活动,促进经济增长的长远措施,从中国的实际来看,当务之急就是要扩大农村地区的教育投资,改善农民的文化权益。

A two- peried model has been built to examine the relationship between rent- seeking activities and economic performance with the assumption that credit markets are imperfect and there is a fixed cost to rent-seeking. In the basic model, this paper assumes that economic agents have identical abilities, and concludes that wealthy gents tend to have higher expected utility as a rent - seeker than as a producer, which results in lower capital accumulation and lower economic output. In the extended model, the paper introduces heterogeneity in productive ability, and shows that if wealthy agents have comparative advantage in production, investments into production will increase, bringing about higher output. Therefore, this paper holds that the fundamental measure to eliminate rent- seeking activities and promote economic growth is to provide fair and high - quality public education. As far as China is concerned, the best way is to increase the ratio of public education in the rural areas and impreve the cultural interests d the Chinese peasants.