生物接触氧化工艺处理高氨氮污染河水的研究

Treatment of High Ammonia Nitrogen Polluted River Water by Biological Contact Oxidation Process

以悬浮填料和火山岩为生物载体,研究了单级好氧生物接触氧化工艺和缺氧/好氧两级生物接触氧化工艺对模拟高氨氮污染河水的处理效果。在进水COD为150～350 mg/L、氨氮为18～36 mg/L、总水力停留时间为8 h的条件下,两种工艺都能有效去除有机污染物,对COD的平均去除率分别达到82%和92%。缺氧/好氧两级生物接触氧化工艺较单级生物接触氧化工艺具有更强的去除NH4+-N能力,二者对NH4+-N的平均去除率分别为83%和32%。硝化潜力试验表明,两级生物接触氧化工艺中好氧生物膜的氨氧化速率达到4.50×10-3 g/(g.h),而单级生物接触氧化工艺的仅为1.09×10-3 g/(g.h)。前置缺氧区能够强化好氧区对氨氮的去除,并有效降低了能耗。

One-step aerobic contact oxidation process and anoxic/aerobic two-step contact oxidation process were developed using artificial suspended carrier and volcanic rocks as the biofilm carriers to treat high ammonia nitrogen polluted river water. When the influent COD, NH4 - N and total HRT are 150 to 350 mg/L, 18 to 36 mg/L and 8 h respectively, both processes can effectively remove organic pollutants, and the average removal rates of COD are 82% and 92% respectively. However, the two-step contact oxidation reactor shows better performance in ammonia nitrogen removal than the one-step aerobic contact oxidation reactor, with their ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 83% and 32% respectively. Nitri- fication potential test also proves that the aerobic biofilm samples taken from the two-step contact oxidation reactor demonstrates a much higher ammonia oxidation rate than that from one-step aerobic contact oxidation reactor, with their ammonia oxidation rate of 4.50 × 10-3 g/（ g . h） and 1. 09× 10-3 g/（ g . h） respectively. These all indicate that adding an appropriate anoxic zone in a contact oxidation reactor can enhance ammonia nitrogen removal and reduce the energy consumption.