论美国管制征收的认定标准

On Identification Criterion of Regulatory Taking in the U.S.A.

管制征收是在政府管制日益增多的情况下,为了保障私人使用不动产的权益而在美国产生的一种新型的征收理论。只有符合一定的标准才能认定政府对私人使用不动产的管制转化为征收,即出现了管制征收。美国管制征收的认定由价值减损标准、违宪条件标准、明确的投资回报期待以及政府行为的性质等四个主要标准来认定。

In the U.S.A., along with the increase of government regulation, regulatory taking turns into a new taking theory which guarantees the right and interests of the private party using their own real estate, i.e. only when the regulation fits in with the criterion can it transformed into taking. The identification criteria include the impairment of value, unconstitutional condition and clear ROI expectation as well as the nature of government behavior.