中国清洁发展机制法律制度探讨

Legal system research on clean development mechanism(CDM) in China

根据《京都议定书》关于清洁发展机制(Clean Development Mechanism,CDM)的目标、设立条件、步骤和监管制度的规定,指出了中国在实施清洁发展机制中所获得的环境、社会和经济方面的巨大利益,同时,也分析了目前中国实施清洁发展机制在项目发展规模、潜在项目识别、额外行证明、CER法律权属界定、项目签发等方面存在的问题。文章结合国际社会清洁发展制度的趋势走向,预测在今后相当长的时期内清洁发展机制仍将作为全球温室气体减排的有效制度而存在,并将对CDM宗旨重新定位和完善CDM项目具体实施制度。还根据国际形势变化,对2012年后中国清洁发展机制的法律制度建设提出了具体的建议:应尽快出台一部能源基本法,使得包括清洁能源机制在内的应对气候变化的措施能够有法可依。立法中应重点确立能源可持续发展原则,具体规定CDM项目适格标准、改变传统一元所有权模式,明确CER法律权属和所有权、完善CDM项目监管制度,以限制CDM项目单纯追求经济效益的危险性、加强CDM服务行业规范,提高CER签发率。

According to the aim,establishing requirements and procedures,supervisory system of the Clean Development Mechanism（CDM） in Kyoto Protocol,this paper showed the tremendous environmental,social and economic profits China has made in running CDM.It also pointed out its problems in the aspects of project scale,potential project recognition,additional bank certification,CER legal right definition,project issue,etc.Referring to CDM＇s development tendency of the international world,this paper predicted that CDM,in a long term in future,will be an effective system against the global greenhouse gases discharge,and the tenets of CDM will be renewed and the detailed implementing institution of the CDM project will be perfected.In this paper,some suggestions on the legal institutions construction concerning China＇s CDM： a basic law of energy should be enacted urgently to offer legal bases for the measures including CDM against climatic changes;in legislation,the principle of the energy＇s sustained development should be established to specify CDM projects＇ proper standard,cancel the traditional unitary ownership pattern,explicit the CER legal authority and ownership and perfect the CDM projects＇ supervisory system to lower the danger the CDM projects have to face when pursuing economic profits,reinforce the CDM＇s profession norms and increase the CER issuing rate.