语义范畴特异性损伤原因探索:物体可操作性的作用

Investigation on the Causes of Semantic Category-specific Deficits:The Role of Object Manipulability

目的探讨物体可操作性在语义范畴特异性损伤中的作用。方法考察1例脑外伤惠者在真假物体判断、图片命名、词图匹配、根据定义命名、属性判断、词语关联匹配等任务上生物范畴与非生物范畴分离的模式,并利用逻辑回归考察可操作性指标在范畴分离中的作用。结果该例患者表现为生物范畴特异性损伤,即在图片命名、词图匹配、根据定义命名和属性判断等任务上非生物范畴项目成绩显著好于生物范畴项目。逻辑回归发现范畴这一变量可预测命名成绩,但加入可操作性指标后,可操作性指标取代范畴成为预测该例患者命名成绩的显著因素。结论该例患者表现出的非生物范畴成绩好于生物范畴,可能是由于其操作知识的保留在语义水平上支持着非生物范畴概念的表征所导致的。

Objective To investigate the role of object manipulability in semantic category-specific deficits. Methods A brain-injured patient was tested in several tasks（Object decision, picture naming, wordpicture verification, naming to definition, attribute judgment, word-word association matching） to assess the living-nonliving dissociation. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to study the role of object manipulability in categorical dissociation. Results In picture naming, word-picture verification, naming to definition and attribute judgment, the patient performed better at nonliving items than at living items（P〈0.01）. Logistic regression revealed that the predictive role of semantic category for naming accuracy was replaced by object manipulability after the latter was included in the equation（P〈0.0 1）. Conclusion The better performance at nonliving items at living items of the patient could be due to his preservation of manipulation knowledge about nonliving things.