医院病房蟑螂侵害及其带菌状况

Violation and bacterial carriage state of cockroaches in a hospital

目的了解某医院病房楼(1—11层)蟑螂侵害及其带菌状况,为开展蟑螂综合防治,消除蟑螂对医疗环境的污染提供科学依据。方法采用目测法和粘捕法进行蟑螂侵害的调查。从每层楼粘捕到的蟑螂中随机挑选5只为一组,共11组,按常规检验方法进行细菌培养分离、血清学鉴定和生化试验。结果调查一栋病房楼228间房屋,目测蟑迹阳性房间171间,蟑迹阳性间率为75.00%。布粘蟑纸191张,阳性80张,共粘捕蟑螂243只,纸测蟑螂侵害率为41.88%,蟑螂密度为1.27只/张。11组蟑螂体表、体内均检出条件致病菌,所检出的病原菌主要为变形杆菌属(14株)、肺炎克雷伯菌(11株)、大肠埃希菌(7株)、聚团肠杆菌(8株)、铜绿假单胞菌(5株)、鲍曼不动杆菌(3株)。结论蟑螂是医院物表环境污染不可忽略的因素之一;定期杀灭蟑螂,适时地进行环境卫生学监测,是防止医院感染的重要措施。

Objective To investigate the violation and bacterial carriage state of cockroaches in wards of a hospital （1-11 storey）, and provide scientific basis for carting out comprehensive measures to eliminate the pollution of cockroaches to medical environment. Methods The visual and paper sticky capture method were applied to investigate the harmful invasion of cockroaches . Cockroaches were stickily captured from each floor, and were randomly divided into 11 groups, each had 5, they were sent to the laboratory for bacterial isolation and culture, serological and biochemical testing with routine methods. Results 228 houses in wards of a hospital building were investigated, the traces of cockroaches by visual method in 171 houses were found, the positive rate was 75. 00%. There were 191 pieces of sticky cloth for sticking cockroaches, and the positive papers were 80 pieces, 243 cockroaches were captured, violation rate of cockroaches was 41.88%, density of cockroaches were 1.27 per paper. Opportunistic pathogens were detected on the surface and the bodies of 11 groups of cockroaches, among which the main pathogens were Proteus spp. （14 strains）, Klebsiella pneumoniae （11）, Escherichia eoli （7）, Enterobacter agglomerates （8）, Pseudomonas aeruginosa （5）, Acinetobacter baumannii （3）. Conclusion Cockroach is one of the factors contributing to hospital environmental surface pollution; regular killing of cockroaches and timely monitoring the environmental hygiene are important measures to prevent nosocomial infection.