美国高校专业教育模式对我国应用型本科的启示

A comparative study of the Chinese and American higher vocational education

在欧美诸国,专业教育就是培养"专门职业人"的教育,此时的"专业"指范围大小不同的专门"领域",既可以参照学科划分,也可以只服从于一定的办学理念或人才市场的需要,专业是围绕特定领域组织的知识能力结构,由此形成了美国以课程组合为中心的专业教育模式。我国的专业教育往往指的是专门学业的教育,通常依据学科分类划分,由此形成了我国专业教育的学科本位传统。从专业教育的本源看,我国应用型本科高校专业教育模式应从学科本位转向职业本位。

Vocational education is committed to professional learners in the west in varying sizes and definite fields. Professions are categorized by subjects, education conception or market demands. Chinese vocational education refers to the subject--oriented special school learning. The writer of the paper argues that Chinese vocational education should switch from subject to professional orientations.