摘要
曹操于相府置秘书令丞,"典尚书奏事",是为了限制尚书台权力过大。曹丕称帝,改秘书令丞为中书监、令,中书省建立,尚书台典机要之权移中书。中书既掌军国机要,又从尚书台夺得草拟诏命权,威势太盛。魏明帝逝世后,限制中书权势成为专制皇权发展的必然需求,门下、散骑以至秘书省的创建,正是这场争斗的必然结果。泰始二年"重谏诤官之选"诏书的颁布,是刚取得皇权的晋武帝限制中书权势行动的开端。从此侍中、黄门侍郎"应对献策","掌门下众事"外,屡充皇帝特使,或巡视州郡,或军前慰劳,或安抚新附,权力向外扩展;常侍、侍郎,除"从容侍从,承答顾问"外,"参掌诏命,平处文籍",成为"左右机纳之器",权力向内伸张。泰始十年通直散骑常侍的设置,正是常侍权力扩大在人员增置上的反映。散骑"虽隶门下而别为一省",其始置于泰始末,最迟不晚于咸宁四年(278年)前;而门下省之成立,当在晋武帝泰始初,稍早于散骑省。晋惠帝永平元年(291年)秘书省建立,企图以行政手段削弱中书权力取得了表面的成功。
Secretary Council was rebuilt in 291,after Shangshu Council,Zhongshu Council,Menxia Council and Sanqi Council.Cao Cao set up Secretary Council in order to limit the power from Shangshu Council.Then Cao Pi changed Secretaire Council to Zhongshu Council which possessed surprising power.After the death of Cao Rui,it is imperative to limit the power of Zhongshu Council,thus Menxia Council,Sanqi Council and Secretaire Council were brought to the history stage.The built of Secretary Council indicated the success of separation of powers.
出处
《襄樊学院学报》
2011年第7期5-15,共11页
Journal of Xiangfan University
关键词
三国
曹魏
侍中
散骑
门下
Three Kingdoms
Caowei Regium
Shizhong Council
Sanqi Council
Menxia Council
