国家助学贷款:高校风险解构及其后果阐释

Government Student Loans:Deconstruction of Risks and Explanation of Consequences Facing by Universities

国家助学贷款是一种与教育机会均等的思想和高等教育财政的改革相匹配的教育成本分担方式,属于政策性金融业务。我国助学贷款政策要求高校承担相当部分的风险补偿资金,这使得高校在多重任务代理下必然做出逆向选择。本文对我国现行的国家助学贷款风险分担机制设计上的缺陷给高校带来了政策、声誉、管理与关系上的四大风险进行了分析,并对这些风险可能导致国家助学贷款政策失灵以及高校发展机会丧失的严重后果进行了阐释,认为国家应承担主要的贷款风险,本质上作为金融产品的助学贷款存在创新的巨大空间。

Government student loans, a policy-oriented financial service is a kind of educational cost-sharing methods, which matches equality of education opportunity and higher education financial reform ideas. However, it requires colleges and universities bear a considerable part of the risk compensation fund, which makes the task of universities in multi-agent resulting in adverse selection. We analyze government student loan risk sharing mechanism design flaws, which brought to the university the four risks from policy, reputation, management and relationship, and these risks could lead to policy failure as well as college development opportunities lost. We think the State should bear the main credit risks, and student loans in essence as financial products needs innovation.