随礼、求雨、扭秧歌:东北Z村村民自治的民俗背景分析

Giving Presents as Returns,Praying for Rain and Doing Yangko Dance:An Analysis on Folk-custom Background of Villagers' Self-governance in Village Z of Northeastern China

从Z村及农民K的实际出发,考察随礼、求雨及扭秧歌活动过程中村干部与群众之间的互动情况。试图说明:大多数农民对随礼并不排斥,随礼是农民实现情感交融和经济互助的重要途径,村干部积极参加村中红白事并随礼,目的之一是为了方便其日后开展工作,随礼中干群互动的方式是间接的。对于求雨,村干部虽然不参加,但也不反对,他们以妥协和默许的方式实现与求雨者之间的隐形互动。扭秧歌是直接的干群互动,它表现为村干部对参加者在资金、场地等方面的支持和帮助。文章认为,民俗对村庄成员能产生强大向心力和凝聚力,对随礼、求雨等欠科学的民俗,只能依赖劝导和教育的方法规范而非强制手段,对扭秧歌等健康的民俗,应该通过各种方式传承发扬。

Starting with the actual conditions of Village Z and farmer Mr. K, this paper studies the interaction between village cadres and the masses in the process of giving presents as returns, praying for rain and doing the yangko dance. This paper tries to argue that most farmers don＇t show a repulsive attitude towards giving presents as returns and that giving presents as returns, on the contrary, is an important way to realize emotional exchange and mutual economic assistance. Village cadres attend weddings and funerals actively and give presents as returns, with one of the purposes to facilitate their work in the future. Village cadres indirectly interact with the masses during giving presents as returns. When it comes to praying for rain, village cadres neither attend praying nor oppose it. They achieve invisible interaction with the prayers by compromise and tacit permission. Yangko dance is a very direct manner of interaction between village cadres and the masses. Village cadres give their support and help to the participants in funds and sites. This paper maintains that folk customs can develop powerful solidarity and cohesion among village members. Unscientific folk customs like giving presents as returns and praying for rain can be regulated only through persuasion and education rather than coercive measures. Healthy folk customs like yangko dance shall be further developed and strengthened by village-level organizations in various ways.