尤金·奥尼尔与自身心理学——解读奥尼尔剧作中的自恋现象

Reading Narcissism in Eugene O'Neill's Plays

尤金·奥尼尔的剧作虽然采用传统的叙事方式,但其描述的却是现代人分裂、歪曲和衰微的自身。以现代心理学的最新理论——自身心理学来重新解读和诠释他的剧作,能够充分赋予其新的内涵。对剧中人物自恋性格的分析,实质上是以文学欣赏与心理分析相结合的方法,阐明了单凭奥尼尔的戏剧文本或科赫特的心理学理论都无法彻底、生动揭示的人类精神世界的共性,即自身客体环境对个体自身发展的影响。而奥尼尔的创作早于自身心理学理论的建构更加说明了伟大艺术的社会预见性。

Eugene O＇Neill＇s plays adopt traditional narrative techniques but focus on the modem fragmented and distorted self. Applying Heinz Kohut＇s theory of self-psychology, this paper analyzes the forms of the characters＇ narcissism in O＇Neill＇s plays and reveals the influence of the self-object milieu on the individual＇s self development. The elucidation of the resonance between O＇Neill＇s dramatizations and Kohut＇s hypotheses not only demonstrates the playwright＇s insight into the human mind but also opens up a new perspective on the study of O＇Neill＇s plays.