大豆亲本差异对杂种F_1产量的影响

Effect of Soybean Parental Difference on F_1 Yield Heterosis

以不同来源的36个大豆育成品种为亲本,配制29个杂交组合,分析了F1代产量性状之间的杂种优势、亲本间各性状差异与杂种优势的关系、来源地不同的亲本以及亲本间遗传距离的杂种优势表现。结果表明:大豆产量的杂种优势主要来源于单株荚数和粒数的优势;单株荚数和单株产量超亲优势显著高于百粒重和株高等性状;亲本间单株荚数、单株产量和百粒重差异小的后代容易产生较强的杂种优势;国内×国外品种组合的超高亲优势>黄淮×其它区域品种>黄淮×黄淮品种;利用覆盖大豆20个连锁群的31对多态性SSR引物对36个亲本进行分析表明,遗传距离与单株产量呈显著正相关。

Twenty-nine cross combinations with 36 soybean cultivars were used to explore the heterosis of F1hybrids,the relationship between parental characteristics and heterosis,the heterosis expression of parental genetic distance and origins.The results showed that soybean yield heterosis were mainly from pods and seeds number per plant.Over-high-parent heterosis of pods per plant and yield per plant were significantly higher than 100-seed weight and plant height.The offspring which had few differences in pods per plant,yield per plant,100-seed weight showed higher heterosis.Over-high-parent heterosis of Domestic×Foreign cross were higher than Huanghuai×Other regional cultivar cross and Huanghuai×Huanghuai cross.The 31 polymorphic primers covering 20 linkage groups of soybean were used to analyze 36 parental cultivars,it showed that genetic distance and yield per plant had significant positive correlation.