黄淮海地区大豆品种主要农艺性状演变分析

Evolution of Soybean Major Agronomy Characters in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

对黄淮海地区通过审定的212份大豆品种的主要农艺性状演变进行了分析。结果表明:2000年以后育成品种比70年代育成品种分枝和单株荚数分别降低26.04%和1.66%,百粒重和脂肪含量分别增加了23.17%和7.32%。株高、底荚高度和生育日数90年代育成品种最低;主茎节数80年代育成品种最少,比主茎节数最高的70年代育成品种减少18.37%;在黄淮海育成大豆品种中,亚有限结荚习性大豆所占比例持续增长,但还是以有限结荚习性为主,无限结荚习性大豆所占比例一直在下降;圆形叶的比例逐年增加,而披针叶和椭圆叶比例有所下降。随着年代推进,在分枝数和单株荚数下降的情况下,由于百粒重的增加,单产也随之增加。蛋白质含量以90年代育成品种最高;脂肪含量逐年稳步增长。

In this study,212 soybean varieties were used to analyze the evolution of soybean yield,quality,agronomy characters and plant type in Huang-Huai-Hai region.The results showed that the number of branches and pods per plant in the varieties bred after 2000 decreased by 26.04% and 1.66%,respectively;while 100-seed weight and fat content increased by 23.17% and 7.32%,respectively,compared with that bred in 1960s.Plant height,the lowest pod height and growth period were the smallest in the varieties of 2000s.Nodes number of main stem in the varieties bred in 1970s were the smallest and decreased by 18.37% compared to that in the varieties bred in 1960s which had the most nodes number of main stem.Protein content was the highest in the varieties of 2000s.The ratio of the varieties with semi-determinate habit to all the varieties was increased steadily and that with indeterminate habit was kept shrinking,however the varieties with dererminate habit are still dominant in Huang-Huai-Hai region.The varieties with round leaf were increased steadily while the varieties with lance shaped and elliptical leaf was reduced.Due to the increase of 100-seed weight,yield per unit area increased although the number of branches and pods per plant decreased with the time.