论理查德·赖特的俳句——一种对日本俳句继承与改良的文学新实践

Richard Wright's Adaptation of the Japanese Haikus

非裔美国作家理查德·赖特是世界文坛上的一位开拓先锋。本文旨在探讨他在创作英语俳句时从形式到禅意境等方面有意识地对日本俳句所进行的吸收与改良。他的俳句特色大致可归纳为三方面:其一,他保留了日本俳句的三段式诗形,以形式为"器"承载了东方的禅理哲思;其二,他以季语视点融合东西方审美标准,使其俳句让读者获得类似参禅的启悟;其三,他以标点与英语特殊句式搭配置换了日本传统俳句中独有的切字,使其俳句在英语语境中表现出寥寥"禅"余韵。因此,他的俳句实为一种文化杂合的文学新实践,它们呈现出了一个既能感知东方禅意境又能投射西方文化、审美标准的沁人心脾的别样世界。

Richard Wright has been considered as an important pioneer of haiku in English This paper intends to elaborate on his adaptation of traditional Japanese haiku from three aspects. First, taking the understanding that the haiku format is a form of poet- ic expression based on Zen, Wright has adopted traditional Japanese haiku＇s three-line format. Second, he has used kigos to engage the reader, enabling them to capture the moment of epiphany. Suggesting the universal forces of change and renewal, seasonal refer- ences reflect connections between Western and Eastern aesthetics. Third, Wright has replaced kirejis with punctuation marks and special sentence patterns to create pauses and cuts, evoking a haunting sense of Zen. To sum up, Wright＇s achievement lies in combining Western and Eastern poetics to generate a new hybrid out of observation and innovation.