古代儒者的“反佛＂与“亲佛＂纠结以李觏为例

Ancient Confucians' Complex of "Anti-Buddhism" and "Pro-Buddhism"—A Focus on Li Gou

"以儒治世、以佛治心"是部分中国古代知识分子的文化选择,这种文化选择也深深影响了古代知识分子的心理结构。儒家思想立足于"礼法纲常",其应对的是世俗世界的等级秩序与相互关系,而佛教思想则立足于"缘起性空"之说,其关注的是个体生命的最终解脱。因此,儒佛的不同向度与不同关切在古代知识分子的心理结构中表现为既融合又斗争的微妙关系。通过对宋儒李觏的"反佛"与"亲佛"纠结的个案分析,不仅可以展现古代儒者的文化心理结构及其内在冲突,同时也可以此来观察作为古代儒者"精神妻妾"的儒佛二教的对立与融合关系。可以说,古代儒者展现的儒佛纠结关系,在一定意义上颇似于中国古代家庭的"妻妾模型"。

'Taking Confucianism to govern the country,and taking Buddhism to govern the heart',this was some ancient Chinese intellectuals' cultural selection,which had a profound influence on their mental structure.Confucianism was concerned with hierarchical orders of the secular world and their relations,while Buddhism focused on the individual life's final resignation.Confucianist and Buddhist different dimensions and concerns found expression in a smart relation of both merge and struggle in ancient intellectuals' mentality.Through a case analysis of the Song-dynasty Confucian Li Gou who had a complex of 'anti-Buddhism' and 'pro-Buddhism',ancient Confucians' cultural and psychological structures and their built-in conflicts may be displayed.