高空迅速减压对12名机组人员听力影响的分析

Effects of rapid high-altitude decompression on hearing of 12 aircraft crews

目的分析空中爆舱高空迅速减压对听力的影响。方法某型飞机在7000m高空爆舱2d后,对当时的机组人员行纯音测听、声阻抗、耳内窥镜检查一系列听力学检查。结果 12名机组人员中,无一例传导性耳聋,2例鼓膜Ⅱ度充血(轻度耳气压伤);11例鼓室图A型,1例Ad型;声反射及纯音测听均正常。2例轻度耳气压伤者经对症处理,1w后痊愈继续飞行。结论在本次爆舱事件中,12名机组人员听力均未受严重影响,可能与飞行员快速正确的应对及飞行高度、高空停留时间及咽鼓管通气阻力的变化等因素有关。

Objective To analyze the effects of rapid high-altitude decompression caused by the sudden loss of cabin pressure on the hearing of aircraft crews.Methods Pure tone audiometry and acoustic immittance test and otoscopy were carried out for 12 crews 2 d after the sudden loss of cabin pressure due to the windshield breakage in an aircraft at 7000 m altitude.Results Among 12 aircraft crews,no conductive hearing loss were found by pure tone audiometry,and acoustic stapedius reflex of all crews were normal.Only gradeⅡ congestion of the eardrum was found in 2 cases under otoscopy.The tympanogram of 11 cases showed type A and that of 1 case showed type Ad.2 cases had mild aural barotraumas,but they recovered after one-week heteropathy and then returned to flying duty.Conclusion Rapid altitude decompression in this flying incident does not cause severe influences on the hearing of 12 crews.Maybe the rapid and accurate reactions,mere 7000 m altitude,short dwell time in upper air,and the physiological change of the ventilative resistance of Eustachian tube are the keys to avoid their hearing impairment.